Proline is the dispensable amino acid in the animals. It is a cyclic compound and do not possess free amino group, but react like alpha amino acid. It is non-essential and formed in the body from glutamic acid and ornithine. From different studies, there is a close relation among the metabolism of proline, ornithine, arginine and glutamic acid. Hydroxy proline is the oxidation product of proline. There is no evidence that hydroxyproline is converted into proline. It is glycogenic and this effect is manifested after being converted into glutamic acid.
Proline is unable to occupy many of the main chain conformations easily adopted by all other amino acids. Proline is unique in that it is the only amino acid where the side chain is connected to the protein backbone twice, forming a five-membered nitrogen-containing ring.
Proline is one of the main components of collagen. Collagen fibres are found in the tendons, ligaments and connective tissues of the body. Proline also promotes the formation of bone, skin and cartilage and it is extremely important for the proper functioning of joints and tendons, also helps maintain and strengthen heart muscles and is helpful in tissue repair after injury, or for any type of wound healing. Proline is also involved in energy production.
Vitamin C deficiency will cause proline to be lost in the urine because of collagen breakdown. This is an early sign and precursor of degenerative disease.
Proline is very important in the process of reversing atherosclerotic deposits. The therapeutic effect is two-fold. First, proline helps to prevent the further build-up of atherosclerotic deposits; second, proline helps to release already deposited fat globules from the blood vessel wall into the blood stream. When many fat globules are released from the plaques in the artery walls, the deposit size decreases, leading to a reversal of cardiovascular disease.
Proline helps the body break down proteins for use in creating healthy cells in the body. It is absolutely essential to the development and maintenance of healthy skin and connective tissues, especially at the site of traumatic tissue injury.
Sources of proline
Meat, dairy, and eggs are the best natural sources of proline; vegetarians or those with a low-protein diet should seriously consider a combination amino acid supplement containing, among other amino acids, proline.
Benefits of proline
Proline is an amino acid needed for the production of collagen and cartilage. It keeps muscles and joints flexible and helps reduce sagging and wrinkling that accompany UV exposure and normal aging of the skin.
Proline helps the body break down proteins for use in creating healthy cells in the body. It is absolutely essential to the development and maintenance of healthy skin and connective tissues, especially at the site of traumatic tissue injury.
Proline and lysine (another one of the amino acids that is important to protein synthesis) are both needed to make hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, two amino acids that form collagen. Collagen helps to heal cartilage and to cushion the joints and vertebrae. For this reason, proline supplementation may prove beneficial for treatment of conditions such as osteoarthritis, persistent soft tissue strains, and chronic back pain.
The body needs proline to maintain muscle tissue as well.
Proline helps to prevent the further build-up of atherosclerotic deposits; second, proline helps to release already deposited fat globules from the blood vessel wall into the blood stream.
Deficiency symptom of proline
Proline is a nonessential amino acid. The body makes proline from glutamic acid, and deficiency is rare in healthy individuals with a healthy diet.
Who need more?
People recovering from traumatic injury, particularly skin injuries such as severe burns, may want to supplement this amino acid.
People with pain caused by insufficient cartilage or collagen formation could benefit from extra proline in their diet as well.
Proline may be in supplements used to promote cardiovascular health, usually in combination with vitamin C.
Decreases in proline levels have been noted in prolonged endurance runners and others following prolonged exercise. Serious athletes that subject their body to routine, rigorous workouts may want to take a supplement containing proline in order to avoid loosing muscle mass—the body begins to cannibalize its muscle for energy when glucose supplies run low.
Symptoms of high intake
People with liver or kidney disease should not take this or any other amino acid supplement without first consulting their physician. Getting too much of any one amino acid can throw the citric acid cycle out of balance, which makes the liver and kidneys work harder to eliminate toxins.
Daily requirement
The recommended therapeutic dose is between 500 milligrams and 1,000 milligrams daily, in combination with vitamin C.
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